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MOR1D Mediates Opioid and Liver Disease-Induced Itch via GRPR
Liu, Xianyu ; Chen, Zhou-Feng
T-011473

— Background: Opioids, such as morphine, are used in pain management and have significant analgesic effects. However a common side effect of morphine is severe itching. Currently, morphine-induced itch is treated with antagonists against the mu opioid receptor. While these antagonists reduce itch, the…

Artificial Materials with Enhanced Nonlinearity
Ironside, Daniel ; Shen, Jung-Tsung
T-011141

— Background: Advances in nonlinear materials give rise to a multitude of optical phenomena that have important applications as switches and modulators in telecommunications and optical computing industry. The degree of optical nonlinearity in a material depends upon the strength of the optical field…

Hearing Environments and Reflection on Quality of Life (HEAR-QL) Assessment for Children
Umansky, Amy ; Jeffe, Donna ; Lieu, Judith
T-010222

— Approximately 5,000 infants are born with moderate, severe, or profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (HL) each year in the U.S. and many more have mild, unilateral, or progressive HL that will be identified in childhood. However, the degree of HL alone cannot predict a child’s language…

VarScan
Larson, David ; McLellan, Michael ; Wylie, Todd ; Ding, Li ; Koboldt, Daniel
T-009883

— arScan is a Java-based, platform-independent, software tool that can detect variants in next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. It employs a robust statistical approach to call variants and is able to handle germline variants, multi-sample variants, somatic mutations and somatic copy number alterati…

Graft-vs-Host Disease Prevention during Stem Cell Transplantation
Sandau, Michelle ; Albring, Jorn ; Murphy, Kenneth
T-009478

— Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (aHSCT) from a healthy donor can cure a variety of blood cell disorders including leukemia, multiple myeloma, and some types of lymphoma. This has resulted in an increasing number of transplants, surpassing 8,000 a year in the US alone. …

PET Radiotracers for Imaging Free Radicals and Reactive Oxygen Species (Materials: WC-4-77)
Dugan, Laura ; Mintun, Mark ; Chu, Wenhua ; Mach, Robert
T-009254

— Many diseases can be associated with abnormal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to oxidative stress. Currently there is no way to image this in situ. Dihydroethidium (DHE) naturally produces a fluorescent product when oxidized by an ROS. The signal is not strong enough for practical im…

Planar storage phosphor dosimeter for radiation therapy dosimetry
Li, Hui
T-009252

— Radiation dosimetry is a type of quality assurance for radiation therapy (RT) treatment to verify performance and dosage of the therapy to ensure accuracy and patient safety. To determine beam delivery accuracy, phantom patients (made to mimic necessary properties of the body) are used daily to cali…

Optical Coherence Computed Tomography
Li, Li ; Wang, Lihong
T-008832

— Optical coherence tomography (OCT) utilizes optical light to obtain an image of opaque or translucent objects, ie tissue. Because scattered light contributes to the bluring found in other optical imaging techniques, OCT filters out all the scattered light. An image is formed using only the back refl…

Modulation of the DLK/JNK Pathway as a Method for Inhibiting Axonal Degeneration
Press, Craig ; Miller, Bradley ; DiAntonio, Aaron ; Milbrandt, Jeffrey
T-008422

— Background: Axonal degeneration is a feature commonly associated with many neuropathological conditions including response to injury, exposure to neurotoxins, hereditary neuropathies, glaucoma, and neurodegenerative diseases. The degenerative process is active when neuronal insults trigger a self-de…

Natriuretic Peptide-Mediated Imaging and/or Treatment of Atherosclerotic Plaque
Welch, Michael ; Rossin, Raffaella ; Woodard, Pamela
T-007679

— Background Atherosclerosis is a disease process in which lipid deposition causes the formation of plaques that lead to thickening of the artery walls. The cause of a majority of fatal acute myocardial infarction and sudden coronary death is due to the rupture of soft or unstable plaques; however, t…

Dual Light-Emitting Systems and Biological Applications Thereof
Zhang, Zongren ; Berezin, Mikhail ; Achilefu, Samuel
T-007596

— Background: Near Infrared (NIR) fluorescence can be highly useful in biological systems as it is highly sensitive and allows for detection and imaging of physiological and molecular processes in cells and living organisms. However, radiometric imaging is difficult in the NIR region of the light spec…

Development of Colloidal Iron Oxide Contrast Agent for MRI and MPI
Senpan, Angana ; Wickline, Samuel ; Lanza, Gregory ; Pan, Dipanjan
T-007545

— Background: Biodegradable magnetic carriers have been increasingly utilized in biomedical and clinical research, but the larger size of ferromagnetic agents previously used leads to long circulation times and restriction to the vasculature, making these particles ideally suited for detection of spa…

Intraocular Artificial Lenses
Ravi, V. Nathan
T-006771

— The present hydrogel technology can be used as a lens replacement material for the permanent treatment of cataracts and presbyopia as well as a vitreous substitute. This co-polymeric hydrogel system can be reversibly converted between a hydrogel in the oxidized state and a solution in the reduced st…

Treatment for Centrally Mediated Itching
Sun, Yan Gang ; Chen, Zhou-Feng
T-006757

— Background: Severe itch (or pruritus) is associated with multiple diseases such as liver disease, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, psoriasis, and common eczema and is also a side effect of many treatments including analgesics (like morphine) and renal dialysis. Chronic pruritus is a top reason for derm…

Enantiomeric16-ketosteroids and Related Tetracyclic & Tricyclic Analogues with Neuronal Actions
Covey, Douglas
T-011272

— Neurosteroids are of great interest because of their ability to alter brain function. Compounds of the type disclosed here have potential to be new drugs useful for causing anesthesia and treating depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, seizures.

Dementia Screening test: the AD8
Roe, Catherine ; Galvin, James ; Morris, John
T-007516

— The AD8 is an 8 question interview tool which distinguishes individuals with very mild dementia from those without dementia, regardless of etiology. The AD8 is based on intraindividual decline and has been demonstrated to be a valid and reliable screening tool for dementia.

Manipulating Tricellular Junction Permeability in Blood Brain Barrier to Treat Brain Tumors
Gong, Yong-feng ; Hou, Jianghui
T-017092

— Background: Brain tumors are the most lethal disease known to mankind with approximately 170,000 annual diagnoses and 13,000 deaths attributed to brain cancer. Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive, has a median survival of approximately 18 months. Chemotherapeutic agents have been approved b…

Control of Dietary and Microbial Exposure in Early Life as a Novel Approach to Target Allergy Development in Infants
McDonald, Keely ; Knoop, Kathryn ; Newberry, Rodney
T-016480

— Background: The frequency of allergic disorders has been rapidly increasing in children in Western societies. Previous studies have shown reduced allergic outcomes in at-risk children upon breast feeding with complementary introduction of food allergens combined with limited oral antibiotic exposure…

System and Method for Multi-modality Quantification of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer ’s Disease
Wang, Qing ; Benzinger, Tammie ; Wang, Yong
T-016125

— Background: One in three seniors will die of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or other neurodegenerative diseases. As the prevalence of AD increases rapidly, there is a strong need for early diagnoses and the ability to evaluate efficacy of drug treatments. Typically, a combination of neurological tes…

Nano-CaCO3
Som, Avik ; Biswas, Pratim ; Raliya, Ramesh ; Achilefu, Samuel
T-015910

— Background: Physiological pH changes consistently affect millions of people worldwide. A slight variation in physiological pH exposes the body to various health risks, ranging from common heartburn to the formation of malignant tumors. Conventional methods for buffering pH are accomplished through a…